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1985-12-31
Ford Foundation;
Presents the first Whitney M. Young, Jr. Memorial Lecture given by Ford Foundation president Franklin A. Thomas at Columbia University in 1984 on race, ethnic relations, and affirmative action, with a focus on South Africa and the United States.
2023-01-26
Urban Institute;
Most states use need-based state grant programs to reduce financial barriers to college for students from low-income households. The policy design and eligibility requirements of these grant programs vary from state to state and even across sectors. But some policies may unintentionally disproportionately exclude students from underrepresented racial and ethnic minority groups.In this report, we analyze data on students who attend college in their state of legal residence and examine how the characteristics of need-based state grant programs affect students from different racial and ethnic groups. We focus on 11 states with significant need-based grant programs and examine both program structure and the distribution of aid among students from different racial and ethnic groups. We find that some of the eligibility restrictions for state grants, including those based on time part-time enrollment, time since high school graduation, and high school academic record, may have differential impacts by race and ethnicity.The data show that differences in aid receipt are not as large or as prevalent as one might expect, but in some states, Black, Hispanic, or Asian students are less likely than others in similar financial circumstances to receive state grant aid. These differences usually do not occur within the public four-year sector but occur either among public two-year college students or among college students overall. Another significant issue is the relatively small share of state grant aid going to students attending public two-year colleges, which tend to enroll relatively large shares of Black and Hispanic students.Each state has a unique program design for need-based aid, and both student demographics and enrollment patterns vary considerably among states, so the most effective policies will differ from state to state. If states want to ensure inclusivity in their need-based state grant programs, they would be well advised to examine their policies for differential impacts by race and ethnicity.
2008-01-01
The MacArthur Foundation Digital Media and Learning Initiative;
Part of the Volume on Learning Race and Ethnicity: Youth and Digital Media In the twenty-first century, a hip hop music label becomes an indispensable source for learning: a young person's resource for information otherwise suppressed by industry regulation, federally censored, or not considered "news worthy" across corporate broadcast modes of distribution. This chapter, "Hip Hop 2.0," examines how hip hop music label Web sites (Guerrillafunk.com and Slamjamz.com) provide an educational space where young people can interact, learn, and discuss "real world" problems via their commitments to popular culture. These internet music labels "sell" more than music. They broaden how cultural entrepreneurial production and innovative citizen initiatives can be re-interpreted by non-broadcast based media, while constituting a counter-public sphere for political activism and learning through networked digital media. Through these practices, we may witness the realization of the Internet's democratizing possibility at a time when these freedoms are not ensured, both off and online.
2003-06-01
Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation;
This chartbook is intended to serve as a quick reference on racial/ethnic disparities in health, health insurance coverage, and health care access and quality. The document highlights the best available data and research, providing a selective review of the literature. Section One gives an overview of the demographic characteristics of the U.S. population. Section Two presents measures of health status. Section Three profiles patterns of health insurance coverage. Section Four describes findings on access to primary and preventive care. Section Five documents findings on the use of specialty care for heart disease, cancer, asthma, and HIV/AIDS. Whenever possible, data are stratified by both race/ethnicity and by a measure of socioeconomic status.
2022-03-31
Child Trends;
Embedding race equity principles into supports provided for young people who age out of foster care can better prepare them for a successful transition into adulthood. Child welfare practitioners and policymakers must consider how race and racism affect a young person's child welfare experience and the services and supports they receive. For example, practitioners and policymakers should understand how employment program outcomes vary by race/ethnicity, or the ways in which access to culturally competent sexual and reproductive health care varies by race/ethnicity. This focus on race equity principles ensures that all young people have access to services tailored to their needs.For practitioners and policymakers to accurately interpret data and make decisions about programming for all racial and ethnic groups, researchers must be able to capture someone's racial and ethnic identity alongside their outcomes. One common resource available to researchers who want to examine outcomes over time is panel, or longitudinal, data, for which the same people are repeatedly and regularly surveyed over an extended period of time. However, researchers should carefully consider how they use these data in analysis because individuals' responses to race/ethnicity and other demographic variables may change over time. When researchers treat race/ethnicity as an unchanging variable they potentially miss important equity considerations.Reviews of panel data show that responses to questions on racial and ethnic identity can and do change over time. While this is a fairly common occurrence in longitudinal data for respondents of all ages (adolescence through adulthood), such changes may be particularly meaningful for young people aging out of foster care. These young people's child welfare experiences (e.g., frequent moves, lack of information about family history, placement in foster homes with parents of a different racial and ethnic identity) may leave them without the information needed to form a healthy racial and ethnic identity. During the transition to adulthood, implicit and explicit biases around racial and ethnic identity from both individuals and systems can create opportunities and barriers at key moments in life, such as pursing postsecondary education or attaining first jobs. Despite the potential fluidity of racial and ethnic identity, however, this variable is commonly treated as static and unchanging in analysis. To date, there are few resources to guide researchers in designing and conducting analyses that both honor the racial and ethnic identities of young people and maximize the reliability of the data.In this brief, we first provide some background on racial and ethnic identity formation and describe some of the barriers to this identity formation process that child welfare system involvement may create for young people. Next, we qualitatively explore, through interviews with former foster youth, why racial and ethnic identity may shift during emerging adulthood, particularly among young people with foster care experience. The interviews provide context on the importance of honoring a young person's chosen identity as that identity shifts. We then explore the practical implications of these identity changes for researchers by quantitatively demonstrating how small decisions made while preparing longitudinal data for analysis can produce completely different results.After describing patterns of racial and ethnic changes observed in our dataset, we then undertake what we call a "three-approach analysis" in which we repeat the same analysis three different ways, with the only change being how we prepare the racial and ethnic data. We conclude by discussing the equity implications of being transparent and detailed when describing how racial and ethnic identity data is used in research studies.
2021-12-21
Grantmakers in Health;
Achieving health equity begins with an ability to identify health disparities and their causes. To do that, we must have complete and accurate data on race, ethnicity, and other drivers of health. For far too long, large percentages of race and ethnicity data have been missing from federal and state health programs, with little progress towards closing the gaps. To identify the barriers and opportunities, Grantmakers In Health, in collaboration with the National Committee for Quality Assurance, interviewed a variety of stakeholders across the country, representing all levels of the health system. The second of two reports, Improving Data on Race and Ethnicity: A Roadmap to Measure and Advance Health Equity, builds on an earlier report, Federal Action Is Needed to Improve Race and Ethnicity Data in Health Programs, by providing more details about race and ethnicity data collection in federally administered health programs and an expanded list of recommendations for improving the data. The recommendations consider actions for states and the private sector as well as actions for the federal government.Philanthropy has a critical role to play in ensuring that health disparities are acknowledged and addressed, and can work directly with state and federal government to support the implementation of the actions outlined in this report.
2006-06-01
Robert Wood Johnson Foundation;
Examines the legal liability of collecting and reporting race and ethnicity data as part of healthcare quality improvement. Recommends establishing government guidelines to encourage the development of better practices for delivering quality health care.
2006-12-15
America's Health Insurance Plans;
Presents results from a survey designed to assess the extent to which health insurance plans collect and use race and ethnicity data (including primary language), highlight barriers to the collection of these data, and measure trends or changes over time.
2012-06-14
Coalition for Compassionate Care of California;
Racial and ethnic minorities are fast becoming a larger share of the U.S. population, and California is on the forefront of this change. Culture and ethnicity can play a crucial role in the type of care a person receives towards end-of-life. This factsheet provides an overview of who is dying in California and attitudes and experiences with death and dying in the state.
2007-07-01
The Sentencing Project;
Examines racial and ethnic disparities by state, and finds substantial variation in the degree of black-to-white incarceration. The report finds that African Americans are incarcerated at nearly six times the rate of whites and Latinos at nearly double the rate. Five states, located in the Northeast and Midwest, incarcerate blacks at more than ten times the rate of whites. Recommended reforms include: addressing disparities through changes in drug policy, mandatory sentencing laws, reconsideration of "race neutral" policies, and changes in resource allocation.
2017-08-01
Rochester Area Community Foundation;
Hard Facts: Race and Ethnicity in the Nine-County Greater Rochester Area examines the substantial gaps in educational and economic outcomes among persons of different racial and ethnic backgrounds.
